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Introduction to Keigo (敬語)

Keigo is the system of polite and honorific speech in Japanese. It has three main categories, each serving a different social function.

The Three Types of Keigo

Teineigo (丁寧語)
Polite language — the standard です/ます form. Appropriate for strangers, customers, and formal situations.
Sonkeigo (尊敬語)
Respectful language — elevates the listener's actions. Used when speaking about superiors or customers.
Kenjogo (謙譲語)
Humble language — lowers your own actions to show respect. Used when talking about yourself to superiors.

Common Keigo Expressions

Sonkeigo
Plain: います (iru)
to be / to exist (for the other person)
Kenjogo
Plain: います (iru)
to be / to exist (for yourself)
Sonkeigo
Plain: 言います (iu)
to say (the other person says)
Kenjogo
Plain: 言います (iu)
to say (I say / my name is)
Sonkeigo
Plain: 食べます / 飲みます
to eat / drink (the other person)
Kenjogo
Plain: もらいます (morau)
to receive (from a superior)

Quick Quiz

Question 1 of 10
Which keigo type lowers your own actions to show respect?
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